In-situ anatomical and elemental response of aquatic macrophytes against nutrient enrichment in freshwater tropical lakes

Abstract Nutrient enrichment in lakes due to municipal wastewater discharge and agricultural run-off leads excessive growth of algae aquatic macrophytes leading their altered trophic states. This paper presents the effect wastewater-induced nutrient on anatomical changes elemental profiling three common freshwater India’s Central Gangetic Plain. It is observed that with increase state, biomineral depositions are seen leaf anatomy macrophytes. Elemental variations free-floating ( Eichhornia crassipes ), submerged Hydrilla verticillata ) emergent Typha latifolia collected from different catchment characteristics state using EDS (Energy-Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy) spectra show increasing constituent also increases. The rhizome showed formation calcium oxalate crystals SEM (Scanning Electron Microscope) images analysis. Among macrophytes, floating a greater number constituents as compared findings this study responses dependent both water quality lakes. In-situ based tolerance level against pollution load environmental changes. has important implications for understanding response mechanism changing which may help proper management ecosystem.